Pinhole photography
Basics on Pinhole photography.
Pinhole photography is done by having a pinhole camera, which has no lens but has a small aperture. It's made up of a light-proof tin/box that has a little hole in one side, so it can capture the light. Light passes through the the single hole, then it projects onto the other side of the tin/box. The tin you use cannot be too big or too small as the process may not work. Up to a certain point, the smaller the hole, the sharper the image, but the dimmer the projected image. A flap made of light-proof materials may be required as the shutter may be manually operated and a pinhole camera requires a lengthy exposure. Typical exposures range from 5 seconds to several hours. You could use this technique of pinhole photography to capture many scenes, but the commonly used one is to capture the movement of the sun for a period of time; this type of photography is called 'Solargraphy'. In 1850 a Scottish scientist named 'David Brewster' took the first photograph with a pinhole camera. Nevertheless, there were many different inventions of the pinhole photography before. Now, the expansion of this type of photography has improved, more and more people are using this technique; it's quite convenient as it's not that hard to make and the end result is quite spectacular.
Pinhole photography is done by having a pinhole camera, which has no lens but has a small aperture. It's made up of a light-proof tin/box that has a little hole in one side, so it can capture the light. Light passes through the the single hole, then it projects onto the other side of the tin/box. The tin you use cannot be too big or too small as the process may not work. Up to a certain point, the smaller the hole, the sharper the image, but the dimmer the projected image. A flap made of light-proof materials may be required as the shutter may be manually operated and a pinhole camera requires a lengthy exposure. Typical exposures range from 5 seconds to several hours. You could use this technique of pinhole photography to capture many scenes, but the commonly used one is to capture the movement of the sun for a period of time; this type of photography is called 'Solargraphy'. In 1850 a Scottish scientist named 'David Brewster' took the first photograph with a pinhole camera. Nevertheless, there were many different inventions of the pinhole photography before. Now, the expansion of this type of photography has improved, more and more people are using this technique; it's quite convenient as it's not that hard to make and the end result is quite spectacular.
HistoryA philosopher named 'Mo Ti' was the first to record the formation of an inverted image with a pinhole or screen. In the fifth century BC. Chinese writers discovered that light travels in straight lines. Mo ti later realised that objects reflects light in all directions, and that rays from the top of an object, when passing through a hole will produce the lower part of an image. Later on, some people questioned about the movement of the sun and the eclipse of it. This is why in the following centuries they used this pinhole technique to experiment and study sunlight projected from a small aperture. Sir David Brewster was the first to make a pinhole photographs, in the 1850s. Moreover, the word 'pinhole' got translated into many languages for example- German, French and Italian. Also, the camera obscura was closely linked with the pinhole camera. Later on, Sir William Crookes, John Spiller and William de Wiveleslie Abney, all in England, were other early photographers to try the pinhole technique. By 1890s, the technique of pinhole photography gradually became famous. Commercial cameras were sold in many places on the world, moreover it is also seems to have the same status as disposable cameras today. As years went by afterwards, many more discovered the use of pinhole photography and started writing books and many developed this spectacular technique.
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Steven PippinSteven Pippin was born 1960 in Surrey, he was an English artist. His father usually worked with wires and tubes of the television when it was being repaired, and this had a great impact of Steven, and he showed a strong interest in Mechanic. In the Pippin's early life, he worked on converting furniture and everyday objects into makeshift pinhole cameras. He was really keen on doing well, which is why he spent a significant amount of planning to overcome practical problems posed by the certain object. He achieved his pictures by planning and constructing it carefully, this is vital as the composition of the photos must be well thought out. Even though he spent a lot of time thinking and planning, sometimes his pictures may still have some imperfections which he viewed them as an important characteristic of the image. This gives us today an influence especially in photography, because if the picture isn't as good as we expected we always have to try again and improve it, most importantly we must not give up! He has done a lot of things with photography, and in 1999 he was listed for the 'Turner Prize' at the Tate Gallery in London. One of his famous works is based on Laundromat Locomotion, in which he converted a row of 12 washing machines into a series of cameras triggered by trip wires. Pippin was really creative and had really unusual ways to make photographs, but it led to something amazing!
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